2024 What is edi information for your non government entity

Federal tax obligations. Also known as payroll taxes, government entities must withhold federal income tax from employees' wages. Government entities may be required to withhold social security and Medicare taxes from employees' wages and pay a matching amount. State and local government entities may be covered by Section 218 agreements that .... No module named

2 days ago · Information about Form W-9, Request for Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) and Certification, including recent updates, related forms, and instructions on how to file. Form W-9 is used to provide a correct TIN to payers (or brokers) required to file information returns with IRS. Nov 4, 2020 · An EDI implementation is a crucial step for any business, as it ensures that the organization is able to exchange electronic data with its trading partners seamlessly. EDI is a standard format for the electronic communication of business documents, such as purchase orders, invoices, and shipping notices. Jan 1, 2012 · Adopted Standards and Operating Rules. HIPAA required HHS to establish national standards for electronic transactions to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the nation's health care system. These standards apply to all HIPAA covered entities: Health plans. Health care clearinghouses. Apr 5, 2022 · Subject: Locate Your Entity UEI in SAM.gov, Grants.gov and JustGrants . This e-newsletter provides updates, information and resources to assist DOJ award applicants, recipients and other stakeholders in using JustGrants, DOJ’s grants management system, and ASAP, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s payment management system. Entity validation is the first step in getting your Unique Entity ID or registering in SAM.gov. Review time will depend on whether we can make a match from your original document submission or if we need to request additional documentation. Have questions? Our online resource page contains helpful information about this process.Business documents These are any of the documents that are typically exchanged between businesses. The most common documents exchanged via EDI are purchase orders, invoices and advance ship notices. But there are many, many others such as bill of lading, customs documents, inventory documents, shipping status documents and payment documentsUse of EDI transactions allows a provider to submit transactions faster and be paid for claims faster, and to accomplish this at a lower cost than is generally the case for paper or manual transactions. Medicare contractors can assist you to begin exchanging EDI transactions by furnishing you with enrollment and connectivity information, system ...Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is the electronic interchange of business information using a standardized format; a process which allows one company to send information to another company electronically rather than with paper. Business entities conducting business electronically are called trading partners. An EDI implementation is a crucial step for any business, as it ensures that the organization is able to exchange electronic data with its trading partners seamlessly. EDI is a standard format for the electronic communication of business documents, such as purchase orders, invoices, and shipping notices.EDI stands for Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion/Inclusivity. Equity involves creating equal opportunity for all and eliminating barriers like discrimination and bias. Diversity recognizes and celebrates differences, including individual, social, cultural and political differences. Inclusion represents the meaningful action that connects the ...The term “government entity” means an agency, instrumentality, or other entity of Federal, State, or local government (including multijurisdictional agencies, instrumentalities, and entities). What is an example of a government entity? Americorps, the European Commission, the East Asia Summit, and the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation are prominent examples of […]The EDI rule is a set of data transmission specifications that strictly govern the way data is electronically transferred from one computer to another. The rule specifically defines the different types of transactions that are covered under HIPAA and stipulates the exact format for each transaction record. EDI support furnished by Medicare contractors. The information in this section is intended for the use of health care providers, clearinghouses and billing services that submit transactions to or receive transactions from Medicare fee-for-service contractors. EDI is the automated transfer of data in a specific format following specific data ...List of certified independent dispute resolution entities. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Department of Labor (DOL), and the Department of the Treasury have certified these organizations to serve as independent dispute resolution entities in the f ederal independent dispute resolution process between providers, facilities or providers of air ambulance services and group ...Nonprofit vs not-for-profit organizations. There are four key differences between a nonprofit and a not-for-profit: Nonprofits are formed explicitly to benefit the public good; not-for-profits exist to fulfill an owner’s organizational objectives. Nonprofits can have a separate legal entity; not-for-profits cannot have a separate legal entity.Federal tax obligations. Also known as payroll taxes, government entities must withhold federal income tax from employees' wages. Government entities may be required to withhold social security and Medicare taxes from employees' wages and pay a matching amount. State and local government entities may be covered by Section 218 agreements that ...entity: [noun] the existence of a thing as contrasted with its attributes.EDI for Medicare FFS is not limited to the submission and processing of claim related transactions, but includes processes such as provider EDI enrollment, beneficiary eligibility, coordination of benefits, as well as security and privacy concerns. So as not to be duplicative, where EDI is a relevant part of a Medicare business process, it will be If you are a provider that is new to WPS, please visit our Getting Started page to choose your claim filing option. If you are a non-Medicare certified provider, you can submit your claims electronically through our online claim entry application available at the TRICARE4U website. You can also view or print your claim payment information. the checkbox. If you restrict your information, it will not be visible to other non-federal entities or state and local governments who may wish to do business with you. However, your non-sensitive entity information remains available to federal government users and those who download the SAM public data file. Core Data The 340B Drug Pricing Program is a US federal government program created in 1992 that requires drug manufacturers to provide outpatient drugs to eligible health care organizations and covered entities at significantly reduced prices. The intent of the program is to allow covered entities to "stretch scarce federal resources as far as possible ... the checkbox. If you restrict your information, it will not be visible to other non-federal entities or state and local governments who may wish to do business with you. However, your non-sensitive entity information remains available to federal government users and those who download the SAM public data file. Core Data TIN/EIN numbers are used by domestic employers, sole proprietors, corporations, partnerships, nonprofit associations, trusts, estates of decedents, government agencies, certain individuals and other business entities. If your company falls into one of these categories you should have a TIN/EIN number. I only placed one SRM order and I don't ...EDI, also known as electronic data interchange, is exchange of business information in a standard and structured format. An example of EDI is when a buyer sends an order to a supplier, that order is known as an EDI 850. Buyers and trading partners, have specified EDI document types suppliers comply with, for this instance, the supplier will ... The Unique Entity ID is the official identifier for doing business with the U.S. Government as of April 4, 2022. Entities registering in SAM.gov are assigned a Unique Entity ID as a part of the registration process. Entity uniqueness continues to be validated by an entity validation service. Subcontracting reporting requires the Unique Entity ...Feb 6, 2023 · Nonprofit vs not-for-profit organizations. There are four key differences between a nonprofit and a not-for-profit: Nonprofits are formed explicitly to benefit the public good; not-for-profits exist to fulfill an owner’s organizational objectives. Nonprofits can have a separate legal entity; not-for-profits cannot have a separate legal entity. Find Your Unique Entity Identifier (UEI) The new Unique Entity Identifier (UEI) is now the primary means of identifying entities registered for federal awards government-wide in the System for Award Management (SAM). If your entity is already registered in SAM, it has been assigned a UEI. To view your UEI, theAs long as the corporation or LLC is a domestic or qualified foreign entity it will have to comply. Most other compliance statutes regulate only certain kinds of industries or activities. Filing and reporting requirements: Having to file documents or reports with a state agency is a common compliance requirement.Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is the electronic interchange of business information using a standardized format; a process which allows one company to send information to another company electronically rather than with paper. Business entities conducting business electronically are called trading partners.List of certified independent dispute resolution entities. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Department of Labor (DOL), and the Department of the Treasury have certified these organizations to serve as independent dispute resolution entities in the f ederal independent dispute resolution process between providers, facilities or providers of air ambulance services and group ...EDI, also known as electronic data interchange, is exchange of business information in a standard and structured format. An example of EDI is when a buyer sends an order to a supplier, that order is known as an EDI 850. Buyers and trading partners, have specified EDI document types suppliers comply with, for this instance, the supplier will ... the checkbox. If you restrict your information, it will not be visible to other non-federal entities or state and local governments who may wish to do business with you. However, your non-sensitive entity information remains available to federal government users and those who download the SAM public data file. Core DataElectronic Data Interchange (EDI) is the electronic interchange of business information using a standardized format; a process which allows one company to send information to another company electronically rather than with paper. Business entities conducting business electronically are called trading partners.Non-governmental entity means any person or entity, other than a Governmental Entity. "Nonpurpose Investment" means any Investment Property other than a Purpose Investment. Non-governmental entity means all entities that are not a governmental entity as that term is defined at N.C. Gen. Stat. §143-214.11 (a) (2).May 26, 2022 · Use this tool to find out. HIPAA, or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, covers both individuals and organizations. Those who must comply with HIPAA are often called HIPAA covered entities. HIPAA covered entities include health plans, clearinghouses, and certain health care providers as follows: EDI, which stands for electronic data interchange, is the intercompany communication of business documents in a standard format. The simple definition of EDI is a standard electronic format that replaces paper-based documents such as purchase orders or invoices.SAM.gov will send you an email with your entity's CAGE code validation failure reason. For more information, contact the Commercial and Government Entity (CAGE) Code Program at: Toll Free: 1-877-352-2255. Commercial/FTS: 1-269-961-7766. DSN: 661-7766. Email: [email protected] Data Interchange (EDI) is a computer-to-computer exchange of business documents in a standard electronic format between two or more trading partners. It enables companies to exchange information electronically in a structured format, eliminating the need for manual data entry and reducing the cost and time associated with paper-based ...Enter General Information (business types, organization structure, etc.) about your entity. Provide your entity’s inancial nformation, i.e., U.S. bank lectronic unds Transfer (EFT) Information for federal government payment purposes. Foreign entities do not need to provide EFT information. Answer the Executive Compensation questions.Electronic data interchange ( EDI) is the concept of businesses electronically communicating information that was traditionally communicated on paper, such as purchase orders, advance ship notices, and invoices. Technical standards for EDI exist to facilitate parties transacting such instruments without having to make special arrangements. Use of EDI transactions allows a provider to submit transactions faster and be paid for claims faster, and to accomplish this at a lower cost than is generally the case for paper or manual transactions. Medicare contractors can assist you to begin exchanging EDI transactions by furnishing you with enrollment and connectivity information, system ...Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is the electronic interchange of business information using a standardized format; a process which allows one company to send information to another company electronically rather than with paper. Business entities conducting business electronically are called trading partners. Click “Register New Entity” under “Register/Update Entity” on your “My SAM” page 4. Select your type of Entity 5. Select “Yes” to “Do you wish to bid on contracts?” 6. Complete “Core Data” Validate your DUNS information Enter Business Information (TIN, etc.) Enter CAGE code if you have one. If not, one will be assigned toDec 1, 2021 · How Electronic Claims Submission Works: The claim is electronically transmitted from the provider's computer to the MAC. The MACs initial edits are to determine if the claims meet the basic requirements of the HIPAA standard. If errors are detected at this level, the entire batch of claims would be rejected for correction and resubmission ... government operations. Federal agency contact information is included, and since so much information is available via the Internet, website addresses are included where appropriate. The Green Book continues to be available on the Internet and chapters can be printed as Portable Display Format (PDF) documents. We no longer print and mail hard ... the checkbox. If you restrict your information, it will not be visible to other non-federal entities or state and local governments who may wish to do business with you. However, your non-sensitive entity information remains available to federal government users and those who download the SAM public data file. Core Data Sole Proprietorship. This is the humblest business entity type. It’s simple to create a sole proprietorship, and it also simplifies the tax process. All you have to do is report your company’s gains or losses on your tax record. The only drawback is that it is tied to your personal assets. If your biz goes belly up, it could mean you risk ... See full list on cbp.gov Companion Document for Mandatory Reporting Non-GHP Entities The following is intended to be a companion document to the National Electronic Data Interchange Transaction Set Implementation Guide, Health Care Eligibility Benefit Inquiry and Response, ASC X12N 270/271 (004010X092A1).Enter General Information (business types, organization structure, etc.) about your entity. Provide your entity’s inancial nformation, i.e., U.S. bank lectronic unds Transfer (EFT) Information for federal government payment purposes. Foreign entities do not need to provide EFT information. Answer the Executive Compensation questions.See full list on cbp.gov Contract opportunities are procurement notices from federal contracting offices. Anyone interested in doing business with the government can use this system to search opportunities. Opportunities include pre-solicitation notices, solicitation notices, award notices, and sole source notices. If you are looking for grant opportunities, visit our ... HIPAA for Professionals. To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the health care system, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), Public Law 104-191, included Administrative Simplification provisions that required HHS to adopt national standards for electronic health care transactions and code sets, unique ... Sole Proprietorship. This is the humblest business entity type. It’s simple to create a sole proprietorship, and it also simplifies the tax process. All you have to do is report your company’s gains or losses on your tax record. The only drawback is that it is tied to your personal assets. If your biz goes belly up, it could mean you risk ... 6. On the next page, you will choose your entity type and your purpose of registration. a. Select “Business or Organization” if you do not represent a state, local, tribal or foreign government entity. i. If you are unsure whether or not you are a government entity, check with your government to confirm. Quasi-public entities generally do ... Entity validation is the first step in getting your Unique Entity ID or registering in SAM.gov. Review time will depend on whether we can make a match from your original document submission or if we need to request additional documentation. Have questions? Our online resource page contains helpful information about this process.EDI policies, guidance materials and other tools can help potential applicants, as well as federal program staff, rapidly identify the economic development partners and resources (both federal and non-federal) that are best suited to a community’s specific economic development needs and priorities. the checkbox. If you restrict your information, it will not be visible to other non-federal entities or state and local governments who may wish to do business with you. However, your non-sensitive entity information remains available to federal government users and those who download the SAM public data file. Core Data Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is a system or method for exchanging business documents with trading partners. These can be your suppliers, customers, carriers, 3PLs, or other supply chain connections. In this method, automation replaces paper documents and manual business processes to streamline incoming and outgoing document types like ... Mar 1, 2020 · Policy. A. A miscellaneous payment is defined as a valid obligation of the government having one or more of the following attributes: 1. Payment under special authoritative arrangements other than a Electronic data interchange ( EDI) is the concept of businesses electronically communicating information that was traditionally communicated on paper, such as purchase orders, advance ship notices, and invoices. Technical standards for EDI exist to facilitate parties transacting such instruments without having to make special arrangements.assigned to your entity aer you submit your registration.) NCAGE Code (Non-U.S. entities) (If your entity is based outside of the U.S., you must go to the NCAGE Request Tooland request an NCAGE code beforestarting a SAM.gov registration.) Ownership Details Is your entity owned or controlled by another entity? (yes or no)EDI (electronic data interchange) is cost-saving business process automation used by trading partners to send and receive validated electronic documents data exchange from computer system to computer system in standard formats without human intervention. EDI documents include purchase orders, invoices, payment documents, bills of lading ...the checkbox. If you restrict your information, it will not be visible to other non-federal entities or state and local governments who may wish to do business with you. However, your non-sensitive entity information remains available to federal government users and those who download the SAM public data file. Core DataSAM.gov will send you an email with your entity's CAGE code validation failure reason. For more information, contact the Commercial and Government Entity (CAGE) Code Program at: Toll Free: 1-877-352-2255. Commercial/FTS: 1-269-961-7766. DSN: 661-7766. Email: [email protected] tax obligations. Also known as payroll taxes, government entities must withhold federal income tax from employees' wages. Government entities may be required to withhold social security and Medicare taxes from employees' wages and pay a matching amount. State and local government entities may be covered by Section 218 agreements that ...Feb 10, 2023 · Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) provides for full electronic processing of all ordering transactions. It is restricted to high volume Vendors with at least 100 purchase orders per month. *GSA does not endorse any third-party EDI Vendors. The Unique Entity ID is the official identifier for doing business with the U.S. Government as of April 4, 2022. It is a 12-character alphanumeric ID assigned to an entity by SAM.gov. The federal government uses a system called SAM, which stands for System for Award Management. Any entity that is wants to apply for federal contracts or wants to ...the checkbox. If you restrict your information, it will not be visible to other non-federal entities or state and local governments who may wish to do business with you. However, your non-sensitive entity information remains available to federal government users and those who download the SAM public data file. Core DataEDI, which stands for electronic data interchange, is the intercompany communication of business documents in a standard format. The simple definition of EDI is a standard electronic format that replaces paper-based documents such as purchase orders or invoices. By automating paper-based transactions, organizations can save time and eliminate ... assigned to your entity aer you submit your registration.) NCAGE Code (Non-U.S. entities) (If your entity is based outside of the U.S., you must go to the NCAGE Request Tooland request an NCAGE code beforestarting a SAM.gov registration.) Ownership Details Is your entity owned or controlled by another entity? (yes or no)Register your entity or get a Unique Entity ID to get started doing business with the federal government. Get Started. Sign into your entity workspace to renew or update your entity. Renew Entity. Check the status of a recently submitted entity registration or renewal. Check Entity StatusDo you wish to enter EDI Information for your non-government entity? (yes or no) Disaster Response Information Do you wish to be included in the Disaster Response Registry? (yes or no) If yes, does your company require bonding to bid on contracts? (yes or no) If yes, provide in whole dollars: Construction bonding level, per contractThe EDI rule is a set of data transmission specifications that strictly govern the way data is electronically transferred from one computer to another. The rule specifically defines the different types of transactions that are covered under HIPAA and stipulates the exact format for each transaction record.1 About Registration. If you want to apply for federal awards as a prime awardee, you need a registration. A registration allows you to bid on government contracts and apply for federal assistance. As part of registration, we will assign you a Unique Entity ID. To see comprehensive instructions and checklist for entity registration, download ...Reinstating Your Entity. To satisfy all requirements to reinstate your entity, first submit these items to the Comptroller’s office. Step 1. File any Annual Franchise Tax and (Public or Ownership) Information Report forms. Step 2. Pay any tax, penalty and interest payments due. Steps 1 and 2 must be completed before continuing to Step 3. Step 3.Dec 1, 2021 · EDI support furnished by Medicare contractors. The information in this section is intended for the use of health care providers, clearinghouses and billing services that submit transactions to or receive transactions from Medicare fee-for-service contractors. EDI is the automated transfer of data in a specific format following specific data ... Non-EDI routing is the transfer of data that does not fitinto a predefined EDI standard. Non-EDI data can include the followingtypes of files: Fixed-length flat files; Variable-length flat files (such as .csv files) XML files; Binary files (such as .pdf files) Sterling B2B CollaborationNetwork performstwo types of non-EDI processing: Content-basedNon-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in improving the lives of people who have been affected by natural disasters or are facing other challenges. NGOs can act as implementers, catalysts, and partners to provide essential goods and services to those in need.Enter General Information (business types, organization structure, etc.) about your entity. Provide your entity’s inancial nformation, i.e., U.S. bank lectronic unds Transfer (EFT) Information for federal government payment purposes. Foreign entities do not need to provide EFT information. Answer the Executive Compensation questions.Claim submitted to incorrect payer. Start: 01/01/1995. 117. Claim requires signature-on-file indicator. Start: 01/01/1995. 118. TPO rejected claim/line because payer name is missing. (Use status code 21 and status code 125 with entity code IN) Start: 01/01/1995 | Last Modified: 07/09/2007 | Stop: 01/01/2008.the checkbox. If you restrict your information, it will not be visible to other non-federal entities or state and local governments who may wish to do business with you. However, your non-sensitive entity information remains available to federal government users and those who download the SAM public data file. Core Data Dec 8, 2018 · Non-EDI routing is the transfer of data that does not fitinto a predefined EDI standard. Non-EDI data can include the followingtypes of files: Fixed-length flat files; Variable-length flat files (such as .csv files) XML files; Binary files (such as .pdf files) Sterling B2B CollaborationNetwork performstwo types of non-EDI processing: Content-based Jan 1, 2012 · Adopted Standards and Operating Rules. HIPAA required HHS to establish national standards for electronic transactions to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the nation's health care system. These standards apply to all HIPAA covered entities: Health plans. Health care clearinghouses. Mar 17, 2023 · Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is a computer-to-computer exchange of business documents in a standard electronic format between two or more trading partners. It enables companies to exchange information electronically in a structured format, eliminating the need for manual data entry and reducing the cost and time associated with paper-based ... EDI (electronic data interchange) is cost-saving business process automation used by trading partners to send and receive validated electronic documents data exchange from computer system to computer system in standard formats without human intervention. EDI documents include purchase orders, invoices, payment documents, bills of lading ...Nov 17, 2022 · The Unique Entity ID is the official identifier for doing business with the U.S. Government as of April 4, 2022. It is a 12-character alphanumeric ID assigned to an entity by SAM.gov. The federal government uses a system called SAM, which stands for System for Award Management. Any entity that is wants to apply for federal contracts or wants to ... HIPAA for Professionals. To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the health care system, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), Public Law 104-191, included Administrative Simplification provisions that required HHS to adopt national standards for electronic health care transactions and code sets, unique ...Do you wish to enter EDI Information for your non-government entity? (yes or no) Disaster Response Information Do you wish to be included in the Disaster Response Registry? (yes or no) If yes, does your company require bonding to bid on contracts? (yes or no) If yes, provide in whole dollars: Construction bonding level, per contract

the checkbox. If you restrict your information, it will not be visible to other non-federal entities or state and local governments who may wish to do business with you. However, your non-sensitive entity information remains available to federal government users and those who download the SAM public data file. Core Data. Incezt.net

what is edi information for your non government entity

May 5, 2005 · For companies using I/C EDI, UCS or VICS EDI on a volume basis, the realization of available benefits can result in a definite competitive advantage. Users report benefits in the following major areas. Reduced Lead Time/Quick Response. EDI can provide a direct reduction in the ordering/shipping time cycle. This benefits both customer and supplier. Dec 1, 2021 · EDI support furnished by Medicare contractors. The information in this section is intended for the use of health care providers, clearinghouses and billing services that submit transactions to or receive transactions from Medicare fee-for-service contractors. EDI is the automated transfer of data in a specific format following specific data ... the checkbox. If you restrict your information, it will not be visible to other non-federal entities or state and local governments who may wish to do business with you. However, your non-sensitive entity information remains available to federal government users and those who download the SAM public data file. Core Data Claim submitted to incorrect payer. Start: 01/01/1995. 117. Claim requires signature-on-file indicator. Start: 01/01/1995. 118. TPO rejected claim/line because payer name is missing. (Use status code 21 and status code 125 with entity code IN) Start: 01/01/1995 | Last Modified: 07/09/2007 | Stop: 01/01/2008.An EDI implementation is a crucial step for any business, as it ensures that the organization is able to exchange electronic data with its trading partners seamlessly. EDI is a standard format for the electronic communication of business documents, such as purchase orders, invoices, and shipping notices.The unique entity identifier used in SAM.gov has changed. On April 4, 2022, the unique entity identifier used across the federal government changed from the DUNS Number to the Unique Entity ID (generated by SAM.gov). The Unique Entity ID is a 12-character alphanumeric ID assigned to an entity by SAM.gov.Go to Accounts receivable > Customers > All customers, and open a customer record in Edit mode. Then, on the Invoice and delivery FastTab, in the E-invoice section, find the eInvoice register option. If this option is set to Yes, the system automatically creates the record on the Electronic customer invoices list page.The unique entity identifier used in SAM.gov has changed. On April 4, 2022, the unique entity identifier used across the federal government changed from the DUNS Number to the Unique Entity ID (generated by SAM.gov). The Unique Entity ID is a 12-character alphanumeric ID assigned to an entity by SAM.gov.EDI, which stands for electronic data interchange, is the intercompany communication of business documents in a standard format. The simple definition of EDI is a standard electronic format that replaces paper-based documents such as purchase orders or invoices. By automating paper-based transactions, organizations can save time and eliminate ...Dec 1, 2021 · EDI support furnished by Medicare contractors. The information in this section is intended for the use of health care providers, clearinghouses and billing services that submit transactions to or receive transactions from Medicare fee-for-service contractors. EDI is the automated transfer of data in a specific format following specific data ... EDI, which stands for electronic data interchange, is the intercompany communication of business documents in a standard format. The simple definition of EDI is a standard electronic format that replaces paper-based documents such as purchase orders or invoices.Apr 5, 2022 · Subject: Locate Your Entity UEI in SAM.gov, Grants.gov and JustGrants . This e-newsletter provides updates, information and resources to assist DOJ award applicants, recipients and other stakeholders in using JustGrants, DOJ’s grants management system, and ASAP, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s payment management system. Section 140.9 applies to private voluntary agencies, educational institutions, for-profit firms, other non-governmental entities and private individuals. A non-governmental entity that is not organized under the laws of the United States shall be subject to the review procedures and criteria set forth in § 140.6 (a) and (b)..

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